Defects analysis

The BVOP presents defect analysis as a practice and tool for analyzing problems in development teams, organizations, management practices, or the environment.

1. Defects categories
   1. Time pressure
   2. General Stress
   3. Scope misunderstanding
   4. Scope change
   5. Poor requirements
   6. Lack of communication

A defect may refer to issue, bug, incident, error, flaw, failure, malfunction. The common understanding of a defect is an incorrect or unexpected result or behavior of the product.

The BVOP suggests defining categories for all defects, investigating the root causes for their occurrence, and adding each one to a suitable category.

Defects categories

Defects categories may include:

• Time pressure
• General Stress
• Scope misunderstanding
• Scope change
• Poor requirements
• Lack of communication

Time pressure

Time pressure may be a reason for the occurrence of defects. When deadlines press teams, they may miss important details, or work quality may drop.

If defects in this category are predominant, this may be an indication of too short deadlines.

Corrective actions to reduce future defects in this category may include rechecking and negotiations of deadlines.

General Stress

Stress may be the cause of defects. When people are under stress, productivity, proactivity, and confidence decline. The defects in this category must be distinguished from the Time Pressure one.

Causes of general stress may vary, but common ones may include:

• Management attitude
• Personal conflicts
• Cultural differences
• Organizational policy
• Organizational stability
• Environment

Representatives of the BVOPM office are the main initiators to involve all the offices and their representatives in solving the problems.

Scope misunderstanding

If the scope of the project is not communicated extensively at early planning stages or details are missing, this may lead to many defects categorized in this category at later development or implementation stages.

Another reason for the defects in this category may be insufficient technical or business knowledge among the key roles involved in the project.

Corrective actions to reduce the defects in this category may include revisiting the details of the project scope, technical training, and familiarizing key roles with the business logic of the project.

Scope change

Defects in this category may reveal problems in multiple areas such as:

• Clients or users are not completely aware of their needs.
• Development or implementation progress is slower than the users' demand.
• Lack of resources or newly introduced optimizations have changed the scope of the project.
• Additional requests from users or stakeholders that may not be needed.

Poor requirements

Defects in this category may be caused by a deficiency of:

• Detailing
• Quality documentation
• Technical or design expertise
• Documented verbal agreements

Corrective actions to reduce the defects in this category can be sessions between team members discussing the requirements before starting the actual work and potential improvement of requirements.

The sketches, diagrams, animations, or functional prototypes that product developers create, present the work needed to be developed. They can be used by demanding parties for validation.

Lack of communication

Communication is essential for any project, development, and business initiative. Lack of communication may relate to:

• General slow communication
• Intentionally ignoring important topics
• Missing important contexts
• Virtual or distant teams
• Low employee morale
• Conflicts

The BVOPM office investigates the core reasons for the problems and makes efforts to resolve them. The categories with the highest number of defects should be given closer attention.

The following issues related to chapter "Defects analysis" are included in the certification exam. The sequence of questions is presented in the table.
The data is current as of July 8, 2020, 6:00 pm

ID	Issue	Time	Category
0	Scope misunderstanding	60 sec	PM, PDM
1	Scope change	60 sec	PM, PDM
2	Time pressure	60 sec	PM, PDM
3	General Stress	60 sec	PM, PDM
4	Poor requirements	60 sec	PM, PDM
5	Lack of communication	60 sec	PM, PDM